Reverse osmosis principle
RO (Reverse Osmosis) is a practical technology, that is, to enable certain components of the solution to selectively pass through the unit under the external pressure, achieving desalination, purification or concentration and separation. Used in water treatment projects, it can remove the majority of ion in water as well as the fine particles, bacteria and organic compounds in water. Now, it is a state-of-the-art and economical approach in water treatment equipment. In the reverse osmosis process. The water of the high salt content is pressurized and delivered continuously by the high-pressure pump to the RO unit and the RO unit containing reverse osmosis membrane elements and pressure vessels divides the outflow into the penetrating fluid of low salt content and concentrated solution of high salt content. The proportion of penetrating fluid and concentrated solution of water supply is controlled by a regulating valve.
With the static pressure on both sides of the membrane as the driving force, the RO unit allows only a solvent (usually referred to as water) to pass through the membrane separation device while intercepting ionic substances. The removal rate for various ions in water is shown in Table 2— 18— 1.
Reverse osmosis unit Engineering case
Technical characteristics of reverse osmosis (RO)
1. Parts and components are imported or high-quality domestic products and the technology is state-of-the-art;
2. The integration degree is high and the quality is reliable;
3. The degree of automation is high and it is able to shut down automatically due to the automatic protection function in case of failure;
4. The desalination rate is high and can be up more than 98%;
5. Imported press pumps of high efficiency and low noise are used to reduce running noise;
6. Energy consumption is reduced, thereby reducing the running cost;
7. Reasonable structure and economical space occupation save more than 30% than conventional methods;
8. The advanced membrane protection system is used, so that the demineralized water automatically washes the contaminants on the surface of membrane during the shutdown of the unit to prevent incrustation and extend membrane life; 9. The system does not consist of vulnerable parts, so maintenance is not required and long-term continuous operation is available;
10. The water volume and quality of the unit can be designed according to the requirements and using professional software to achieve the best cost performance.
Field of application of reverse osmosis (RO)
Brackish water desalination: Drinking water of fluoride areas;
Hardness removal of high hard water: Pure water used by power plants, electronics, pharmacy, metal processing;
Water used for food, beverages and canned pure water: Special water for hospitals and laboratories.
Type of ions
|
Removing efficiency
|
Type of ions
|
Removing efficiency
|
| AI 3+ |
95-99% |
SO 2- 4 |
90-99% |
| Mn 2+ |
95-99% |
HPO 2- 4 |
90-99% |
| Ca 2+ |
92-99% |
CO 2- 3 |
80-95% |
| Mg 2+ |
92-99% |
SiO 2- 3 |
75-90% |
| K + |
75-93% |
CF - |
85-95% |
| Na + |
75-95% |
HCO - 3 |
80-95% |
| NH4 + |
70-90% |
CI - |
80-95% |
| PO 3- 4 |
90-99% |
NO - 3 |
50-75% |
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